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Latest insights & developments from the world of Artificial Intelligence(AI).
Compendium Publications
Cancer Care
Compendium
NCG Catch Compendium 2025
The IndiaAI–NCG CATCH Grant for Cancer 2026 compendium documents ten winning AI solutions selected through a competitive grant program jointly run by IndiaAI (MeitY) and the National Cancer Grid's Koita Centre for Digital Oncology. It profiles AI tools spanning cancer screening, diagnostics, clinical decision support, patient engagement, and operational efficiency, ranging from pilot-ready to commercially deployed systems. Each solution is evaluated against criteria including clinical relevance, technical maturity, data governance, DPDP compliance, and deployment feasibility within Indian hospital settings. The compendium also covers the selection methodology, jury composition, responsible AI principles, and key learnings from the challenge, serving as a reference for hospitals, policymakers, and innovators seeking to adopt or scale AI-enabled cancer care across India.
NCG Catch Compendium 2025
AIKOSHAIKOSH
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Research Article
ContrastiveLearning and ZeroShotClassification
CrossModal and ContrastiveLearning
LLM
Multimodal AI
InfoNCE and Beyond: The Evolution of Multimodal Representation Learning
Contrastive learning has become the dominant paradigm for aligning heterogeneous modalities in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Information Noise Contrastive Estimation (InfoNCE) Loss and its variants serve as the foundational training objectives for such models. As models scale to billions of parameters and training batches reach millions of samples, the limitations of conventional softmax-based contrastive losses have become increasingly apparent: quadratic memory growth, batch size sensitivity, semantic noise in negative sampling, and the inherent tension between alignment and uniformity. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the evolution from InfoNCE to next-generation objectives for multimodal LLMs. We analyze the theoretical foundations of contrastive learning through the alignment-uniformity framework, examine the practical innovations that have enabled unprecedented batch scaling, and evaluate emerging alternatives including sigmoid-based losses, non-contrastive alignment methods, and hybrid generative-discriminative objectives.
InfoNCE and Beyond: The Evolution of Multimodal Representation Learning
Prateek KhannaPrateek Khanna
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Expert Speaks
Conversational
machine Learning
The Case for the Vertical Stack
Why owning both the silicon and the software is the only durable moat in the age of AI, and why the margin arithmetic of fragmented supply chains is finally breaking down. By Dhritiman Mallick · Founder & CEO, Vyuhaa Med Data
The Case for the Vertical Stack
Dhritiman MallickDhritiman Mallick
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Community Contributions
AI
Bhashini
Digital India
geopolitics
IndiaAI
China’s Open-Source AI Surge and India’s Strategic Position in the Emerging Multipolar AI Order
The article explores how China is aggressively advancing its geopolitical influence by releasing powerful, open-source AI models, making high-tier AI capabilities freely and globally accessible. Contrasts this with the proprietary, closed-source approaches dominated by US tech giants. The piece analyzes India's strategic position within this shifting, multipolar AI ecosystem, arguing that India must carefully balance its infrastructure dependencies, leverage open-source breakthroughs for localized economic growth, and craft its own independent AI policies to avoid being caught in a digital duopoly between the US and China.
China’s Open-Source AI Surge and India’s Strategic Position in the Emerging Multipolar AI Order
Ashish ChadhaAshish Chadha
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Solution Writeup
AI for Governance
computer vision
Digital Transformation
food security
procurement
AI-Powered Image Validation in PCSAP: Enhancing Transparency and Efficiency in India’s Grain Procurement Syste
This article highlights how AI-powered image validation in PCSAP is improving India’s grain procurement monitoring system. With thousands of procurement centers and nearly 14 lakh photographs uploaded every season, manual verification had become difficult and time-consuming. The AI system validates images in real time by checking location, timestamp, quality, duplication, and content relevance. This helps improve transparency, reduce manual effort, enhance data accuracy, and support faster decision-making in procurement center assessments. The solution has been piloted in Punjab, Haryana, and Odisha, with potential for wider use in government monitoring and compliance programs.
AI-Powered Image Validation in PCSAP: Enhancing Transparency and Efficiency in India’s Grain Procurement Syste
Subham PandeySubham Pandey
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All Articles
ContrastiveLearning and ZeroShotClassification
CrossModal and ContrastiveLearning
LLM
Multimodal AI
InfoNCE and Beyond: The Evolution of Multimodal Representation Learning
Contrastive learning has become the dominant paradigm for aligning heterogeneous modalities in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Information Noise Contrastive Estimation (InfoNCE) Loss and its variants serve as the foundational training objectives for such models. As models scale to billions of parameters and training batches reach millions of samples, the limitations of conventional softmax-based contrastive losses have become increasingly apparent: quadratic memory growth, batch size sensitivity, semantic noise in negative sampling, and the inherent tension between alignment and uniformity. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the evolution from InfoNCE to next-generation objectives for multimodal LLMs. We analyze the theoretical foundations of contrastive learning through the alignment-uniformity framework, examine the practical innovations that have enabled unprecedented batch scaling, and evaluate emerging alternatives including sigmoid-based losses, non-contrastive alignment methods, and hybrid generative-discriminative objectives.
InfoNCE and Beyond: The Evolution of Multimodal Representation Learning
Prateek KhannaPrateek Khanna
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Deep Learning
Large Language Model
Mixture of Experts
peft
Continuously Learning Large Language Models
Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across diverse tasks, yet they remain fundamentally static: once trained, their knowledge is frozen, unable to adapt to evolving information, emerging domains, or shifting user needs without expensive retraining. This limitation - catastrophic forgetting - has become a critical bottleneck as LLMs transition from research artifacts to living systems deployed in dynamic real-world environments. This paper presents a comprehensive survey and unified framework for continuously learning LLMs (CL-LLMs), organizing the field into five complementary paradigms: replay-based methods, regularization-based approaches, parameter-efficient adaptation, architectural isolation, and inference-time continual learning.
Continuously Learning Large Language Models
Prateek KhannaPrateek Khanna
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Hardware
inference endpoints
sovereign-ai
Mapping Sovereign AI Models to Sovereign Inference Chips: A Model-Driven Co-Design Framework
The proliferation of sovereign large language models (LLMs) trained on indigenous languages, cultural contexts, and national datasets has created an urgent need for inference hardware that preserves the unique characteristics of these models while achieving deployment efficiency. Unlike generic AI accelerators optimized for English-centric transformer models, sovereign inference chips must handle multilingual tokenization, mixed-script processing, sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures, and voice-first interaction patterns that dominate local language AI deployments. This paper presents a model-driven co-design framework that maps the specific computational signatures of sovereign AI models directly to custom inference chip architectures.
Mapping Sovereign AI Models to Sovereign Inference Chips: A Model-Driven Co-Design Framework
Prateek KhannaPrateek Khanna
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